💸Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

What is SSRF?

In a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attack, the attacker can abuse functionality on the server to read or update internal resources. The attacker can supply or modify a URL, which the code running on the server will read or submit data. By carefully selecting the URLs, the attacker may be able to read server configurations such as AWS metadata, connect to internal services like HTTP-enabled databases, or perform POST requests toward internal services that are not intended to be exposed.

The target application may have functionality for importing data from a URL, publishing data to a URL or otherwise reading data from a URL that can be tampered with. The attacker modifies the calls to this functionality by supplying a completely different URL or by manipulating how URLs are built (like path traversal, etc.).

When the manipulated request goes to the server, the server-side code picks up the manipulated URL and tries to read data to the manipulated URL. By selecting target URLs, the attacker may be able to read data from services that are not directly exposed on the internet:

• Cloud server meta-data — Cloud services such as AWS provide a REST interface on http://169.254.169.254/ where important configuration and sometimes even authentication keys can be extracted

• Database HTTP interfaces — NoSQL database such as MongoDB provide REST interfaces on HTTP ports. If the database is expected to only be available to internally, authentication may be disabled and the attacker can extract data from internal REST interfaces

• Files — The attacker may be able to read files using file:// URIs. The attacker may also use this functionality to import untrusted data into code that expects to only read data from trusted sources, and as such circumvent input validation.